H S 1st Year
Unitwise Distribution of Course contents :
Unit: I DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD
Chapter-1
The Living World Biodiversity:
Classification of living organisms
Taxonomy and Systemtics
Taxonomic Categories (From species to kingdom)
Biological classification
Binomial nomenclature (Brief idea)
Chapter-2:
Biological Classification
Five Kingdom classification
Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi into major groups
lichens
viruses
viroid and prions
Chapter-3:
Plant Kingdom Classification of plants into major groups, salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and preliminary idea of Angiosperms.
Chapter-4:
Animal Kingdom Basis of classification.
Salient features and classification of animals,
Non-chordates upto phyla level and
Chordates upto class level (salient features and a few examples of each category)
Unit-II :
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Chapter-5
Morphology of flowering Plants Morphology of different parts of flowering plants- root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed
Description of family solanaceae
Chapter-6
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Types of tissues
Tissue Systems in dicots and monocots,
Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous plants
Chapter-7
Structural Organisation in Animals
Morphology
Anatomy and functions of different systems (Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Nervous and Reproductive) of frog
Unit-III:
CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Chapter-8
Cell: The Unit of Life Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells:
Plant cell and animal cell
Cell envelope
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Structure and function of endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrosome and centrioles (ultra structure and function)
nucleus and its ultrastractures.
Chapter-9
Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells
bionolecules
structure and functions of Proteins
Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
Enzymes-Types,Properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of enzymes.
Chapter-10
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell Cycle
Mitosis and
Meiosis – their phases and their significance
Unit-IV:
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter -11
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Early experiments relating to photosynthesis
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition
Site of photosynthesis
Pigments involved in photosynthesis(elementary idea )
Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis
cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways, factors affecting photosynthesis. Chapter -12 Respiration in Plants Exchange of gases ; Cellular respiration: Glycolysis ,Fermentation ,(anaerobic) ,TCA Cycle and Electron transport system (aerobic ) ,Energy relations – Number of ATP molecules generated ,anphibolic pathway ,respiratory quotient . Chapter -13 Plant Growth and Development Phases of Plant Growth and Plant Growth rate ,conditions required for growth ,differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. Sequence of developmental process in a plants cell Plant, Growth regulators-Auxin, Gibberelins, Cytokinins. Eltylene , ABA. Unit-V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Chapter-14 Breathing and Exchange of Gases Respiratory organs in animal (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume, disorders related to respiration- Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders. Chapter-15: Body Fluids and Circulation Composition of blood; blood groups; coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system- structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure. Chapter-16: Excretory Products and their elimination Modes of Excretion- ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and function-urine formation, osmoregulation, regulation of kidney function-renin angiotensin, mechanism, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion: excretory disorder-uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis, dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant. Chapter-17: Locomotion and Movement Types of movement-ciliary, flagellar, muscular, skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and mechanism of muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints, disorders of muscular and skeletal systems- myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout. -| 4 |- Chapter-18: Neural Control and Coordination Neuron and Nerves; Nervous system in human-Central nervous system; Peripheral nervous system and Visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve inpulse. Chapter-19: Chemical Coordination and Integration Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system- Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pincal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads. Mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea), role of hormonesas messengers and regulators, hypo and hyperactivity and related disorders, dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalanic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease
H S 2nd Year
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