Study of Homologous organ and Analogous organ

Homologous and Analogous organ

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Homologous Organs (Same origin, different function):

These species show similar bone structure in forelimbs, indicating common ancestry:

1. Human (Homo sapiens) – Forelimb used for grasping.

2. Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) – Forelimb used for running.

3. Bird (Columba livia or other bird species) – Forelimb modified into wings for flying.

4. Bat (Pteropus or other bat species) – Forelimb modified for flight with skin membrane.

These examples show the homologous structure despite different uses.

Analogous Organs (Different origin, similar function):

These species show different structures evolved to perform a similar function (swimming/flying) due to convergent evolution:

1. Fish (Carassius auratus or other species) – Fins used for swimming.

2. Bird (Columba livia or other bird species) – Wings used for flying.

3. Insect (Musca domestica or other flying insects) – Wings used for flying.

These examples are analogous, as they have similar function but different evolutionary origins.